Loyal to Who?
A Narrative Criticism of Ramon Shelbourne and Michael C. Wright’s article Inside the tension between Kawhi Leonard and the Spurs
INTRODUCTION
The National Basketball Association has long been argued as the world’s greatest basketball league, largely due to the monopoly of talent in an industry driven by TV ratings, fan interaction, and most certainly money. In the ever-expanding dimension of talent, the league is scrutinized by journalists and broadcasters, dissected by on-air talent and bloggers, and mocked and cheered by casual and die-hard fans alike. Anyone can join the conversation about this league and provide rhetoric on a player’s performance or professional development, with little-to-no knowledge of the actual logic behind a player’s mindset. All players are subject to criticism, but in recent memory, no player has generated more dialogue without providing any themselves than Kawhi Leonard.
Kawhi Leonard requested a trade from the San Antonio Spurs in summer of 2018 and set the NBA in motion for a dynamic change in player empowerment. The Spurs had drafted Leonard back in 2011 and since then, he had been the cornerstone of the organization. Leonard’s request would not only change the landscape of the Spurs future, but also the future of the NBA. What transpired was a 24-month process that severely changed three NBA franchises, impacted several more and ultimately ended with Kawhi Leonard leaving the team that drafted him for the beaches of southern California to play for the Los Angeles Clippers.
The dam broke with a May 2018 ESPN article written by Michael C. Wright and Ramona Shelbourne and less than a month later, Leonard requested his trade. After the dust settled and the debris cleared, what was left was a messy divorce and a long list of questions. Why did Kawhi Leonard want out of San Antonio? Why did he want to leave a winning organization, notorious for a culture of family, winning and humility? Did San Antonio do something wrong? Did Kawhi? But most importantly, who should a player’s loyalty belong to?
The question of loyalty is the pretext for this essay. Gone are the days of NBA players belonging to a single franchise for their entire career. NBA Legends like John Stockton, Kobe Bryant and even the Spurs own Tim Duncan stayed with their original team their whole career would be but distant memories in the annals of history. This new NBA is made up of players are loyal to their career and their brand. But not Kawhi Leonard. Kawhi Leonard is loyal to himself. Kawhi Leonard is loyal to his family. And Kawhi Leonard is loyal to his hometown.
I will describe this artifact in depth, hoping to provide insight into this question of loyalty. I’ll also explain how the narrative criticism is applicable and how the wide range of narratives influenced public opinion about Kawhi Leonard, not that he ever cared to begin with. These findings will support the notion of players being loyal to themselves, as they possess the skills and talents to benefit a team. Finally, this essay will show how we can use narratives to explain an NBA player and how they can impact perceptions about their loyalty.
THE ARTIFACT
On May 1, 2018, ESPN’s Ramona Shelbourne and Michael C. Wright released an article that shook the NBA – and specifically, the San Antonio Spurs organization and fan base – to its core, announcing publicly that there was drama in South Texas. Kawhi Leonard was not a happy camper, as evidenced from the detailed account of his medical history, his teammates and coaches’ comments, commentary from Leonard’s “group,” and yes, even Kawhi Leonard himself. For the first time, it looked like Kawhi Leonard wanted out of San Antonio.
Leonard, a quiet superstar, is known by many across the NBA as the best basketball player league, and if not, at least one of the top players in the league. He was a perfect fit for the San Antonio Spurs, who were also known to be quiet and focused on winning. It seemed like a match made in Heaven. All until the 2017-2018 NBA season. Leonard, having only played in nine total games that year, would begin the process of leaving San Antonio.
The artifact is littered with many characters trying to persuade us of different things. It involves mainly Kawhi Leonard and his “camp” who want to persuade people that Kawhi Leonard just wanted to play near his hometown, that he was really injured, and also, that he is a “fun guy” who just wants to win basketball games. Recently, Leonard provided commentary that he was happy to be in Los Angeles now because all along, this saga was just about going back to his hometown. That remains Kawhi’s “narrative,” all though other narratives still exist. While some fans remain, many do not feel persuaded that he left for good reasons and instead make accusations of integrity, character relationships and disloyalty.
The three major events in this story have overlapping kernels (major events) and satellites (minor events) and are a bit sporadic. Each kernel Shelbourne and Wright describe ties back to a satellite with relevant supporting information. As the author’s begin the narrative, questions of loyalty creep in very early into the artifact.
The first kernel involves a team photo on March 21, 2018, which was supposed to be a day where the San Antonio Spurs looked happy and like a team. Unfortunately, tensions within the Spurs had already risen, despite everyone attempting to put on a brave face. The team would play a game that night against the Washington Wizards and after the game, Leonard was briefly interviewed by Shelbourne before a Spurs staffer broke up the conversation. Shelbourne noted how this was an oddity and as it turns out, this would be Leonard’s last appearance in front of the home crowd in San Antonio.
The first kernel of the artifact is tied to the second kernel, which took place a few days earlier on March 17th, 2018, when teammates Manu Ginobili and Tony Parker confronted Leonard in a team meeting. The satellite event of Tony Parker’s injury from the previous season is mentioned, when Parker had a leg injury and returned in November 2017. Parker would add another satellite to the narrative when he announced on March 23, 2018, that his injury was “100 times worse” than Leonard’s. Leonard and his team maintain they are in fact two different injuries. The narrative was Parker is loyal to the Spurs, while Leonard was loyal to himself.
As a satellite, Leonard injured his quad for the first time in March 2016 and at the end of the 2015-2016, it was determined to be a fairly serious injury. Many thought he was faking the injury in order to not play for the Spurs; however, Leonard maintains he was truly injured. Shelbourne and Wright introduce the third kernel, when after a game in New York in January 2018 that Leonard was supposed to play in, he felt soreness in his injured leg. Leonard would seek an outside opinion with the help of his agent, Mitch Frankel and his uncle Dennis Robertson. The Spurs were not happy about this, but ultimately surrendered full medical control to Leonard, rather than the Spurs, at least publicly. Allegedly, Leonard had full control of his injury since August, although Shelbourne and Wright state it was in January.
THE METHOD
For this criticism, I am using the narrative method of criticism. Alasdair MacIntyre described human beings as essentially a story-telling animal (Foss, 2009). There is plenty of storytelling here from Shelbourne and Wright and their persuasion seems to set the stage for loyalty to be determined by the reader.
I have chosen to use the narrative criticism method as my course of action and hope to explain how loyalty is the underlying theme of this essay. As many different narratives exist in this story, as well as many different narrators. The narrative criticism paradigm was most influenced by the work of Walter R. Fisher and expanded by Arthur Bochner and Carolyn Ellis for their work on interpersonal relationships. They likened this by claiming that to have a relationship is to have a story. As it goes, relationships are a component of narrative.
There is also a performance perspective, where humans and cultures are constituting themselves through performances of various kinds, including stories (Foss, 2009). This approach was represented by Victor Turner, Clifford Geertz, Richard Bauman and Dwight Conquergood. A final relevant contributor to this form of criticism is the traditional use of folklore, which originally was built as a collection of “narratives, songs and quaint beliefs of other cultures.” As generations fade away, the stories told are a direct relation to the narratives arising from inception of the tale.
As such, Narratives can be distinguished by their four characteristics: (1) at least two events, (2) organized by time order, (3) casual or contributing relationships, and (4) a unified subject. The two events can be active, or stative. The time order is at least a sequence of events. The contributing relationships must also coincide with the two events and all these characteristics must tie back to the subject.
Events can also be detailed by the use Kernels and Satellites. Kernels are primary events, and satellites are secondary events. This artifact, and the entirety of the Kawhi Leonard situation is centered around a few specific kernels, such as his initial injury, the “players only” team meeting, and the official trade request. However, with some many different characters involved around the unified subject, it is not surprise how so many satellites find their way into the story. Interestingly enough, several satellites act as initial kernels for some of the narratives that surface from this story.
Applying this to topic to the artifact, the three main events in discussion are (A) Kawhi Leonard (unified subject) gets injured in March 2016, (B) a players only meeting, and (C) a team photo combined with his final appearance in front of the San Antonio Spurs home crowd. I have taken these events and tried to organize them in time order.
Additionally, there are several relationships, but we will largely focus on three: the relationship between Kawhi and his Uncle Dennis, who Shelbourne and Wright describe as “devoted” to Leonard since his father was murdered in 2008. Next, the relationship between Kawhi and Spurs Head Coach Gregg Popovich, who has coached the Spurs since 1996. Shelbourne and Wright explain how Popovich had a deep respect and affection for Leonard and the relationship was reciprocated. Even after all the hardships of the season and after Leonard had officially separated from the team for rehab purposes, when Popovich’s wife Erin passed away in April 2018, Leonard wanted to be there for his coach. The two had a deep respect for each other and that would not change.

And finally, the relationship between Kawhi and fans, which would eventually lead into his personal brand. Leonard’s own loyalty would be called into question in the court of public opinion. Shelbourne and Wright even document how Leonard was aware of this by including a quote from Leonard, “People are just looking for spin,” Leonard continued. “I haven’t been here long. I’ve been here six years. The Spurs have been here way longer than that. People are gonna go with that take first.” I believe this final relationship is important, as Foss describe that “the narrated world is a shared world because it is a joint achievement by the storyteller and the audience (Foss, 2009).”
THE FINDINGS OF THE ANALYSIS
As we progress into the artifact, we begin by looking at the quadriceps injury sustained by Kawhi Leonard, who is the unified subject of the artifact. It happened during a game against the Miami Heat in March 2016. Leonard was injured and immediately missed the three following games. However, he returned and played exceptionally well to end the season. Leonard and the Spurs played well enough to make it to the Western Conference Finals that year and played against the Golden State Warriors. During that series, Leonard sustained a new injury when attempted a jump shot and landed on the foot of the defender, Zaza Pachulia, and rolled his ankle. The ankle injury would keep him out for the remainder of the playoffs and the Spurs would go on to lose the series to the Warriors.

That summer, Leonard rehabbed the ankle, but when he reported back to the Spurs, the quad injury had appeared to have returned. There was a difference of opinion between Leonard and the Spurs, as both sides argued over whether it was a tendon issue, or a muscle issue. It was an important delineator, as they require two different rehab processes. Shelbourne and Wright claim in the artifact the Spurs surrendered control in January 2018. However, Wright would later say on July 5th episode of the Back to Back Podcast that the Spurs had surrendered control of the injury in August 2017 (Haberstroh, Thorpe, & Wright, 2018).
As the Spurs medical staff believed the injury to be a degenerative effect and had cleared him to play, Kawhi’s new doctors and primarily his Uncle Dennis, maintained the injury was not healed and thus, kept him out of most games that season. These crucial satellite events of the August 2017 surrendering of medical care by the Spurs to Leonard would play into the narrative that ran throughout the season: where did Leonard’s loyalty lie?
Shelbourne and Wright make heavy mention of Popovich’s admiration for Leonard, but also noted how Popovich remained perplexed with reporters. Popovich had surrendered medical control of the rehabilitation process and as such, did not have status updates on his own player. The authors are clear to explain how the frustration throughout the season had come to a head, with Popovich repeatedly directing questions back to Leonard’s “group.” This group is actually Leonard’s uncle, Dennis Robertson, and Mitch Frankel, Leonard’s agent.

Robertson mostly determined what Leonard would and wouldn’t do and Shelbourne and White do well to point out why Leonard trusted him so much. Robertson, or “Uncle Dennis” as he is affectionately known, was the primary male figure in Leonard’s life. Uncle Dennis had been very close to Leonard since the death of his father, Mark, in 2008. However, the authors pointed out the lack of experience by Uncle Dennis and how it played into the frustration of the Spurs.
How could the Spurs fault Leonard, whose father was murdered, for taking the counsel of his Uncle, whom he trusted? But also, how could he listen to his uncle when he did not have professional experience? The Spurs did what they could and surrendered control of his medical rehabilitation process back to whatever doctors Leonard felt comfortable with. It would prove to be the beginning of the end for the relationship between the Spurs and Leonard.
Moving toward the next kernel of the story, Shelbourne and Wright reference the players only meeting, which was spear-headed by future Hall of Famers Manu Ginobili and Tony Parker. Both Ginobili and Parker, older than Leonard and seasoned veterans of the Spurs organization maintained they just wanted to know the status of their teammate. As the season had progressed, there was less and less contact with Leonard and the rumor mill was humming. They wanted to know for themselves. Some described the meeting as tense. Others described it as a simple discussion.

This moves us to the final event and kernel, which is where the artifact actually began – a team photo combined with his final appearance in front of the San Antonio Spurs home crowd. Ginobili would comment again that it was good to see Leonard around the team. However, the combination of Popovich’s frustration about not knowing updates on Leonard’s status, as well as Ginobili’s comments, gives credence to the narrative that the Spurs were truly left in the dark. It certainly did not appear that Leonard was loyal to the Spurs.
A few days later, a satellite event occurred when Parker’s comments made headlines after calling his own personal injury “100 times worse” than Leonard’s. Parker had been injured the previous season and returned in November 2017 to play for the Spurs again. Parker who had originally labeled the confrontational team meeting with Leonard as “family business” had now stirred the hornet’s nest by implying that Leonard’s injury was not as serious as his own. It did not matter if Parker’s comments were true or not. The only thing that mattered was this played into the narrative: Leonard was not loyal to the Spurs, but Parker was.
It also played into the narrative for Leonard that the Spurs were against him. Shelbourne and Wright point this out after a close confidant to Leonard commented in the article, saying “”They’re making him look bad. You have this seamless transition from the (Tim) Duncan era to the new era, this homegrown superstar. Like, why would you alienate him?”
The authors reporting in this case changed, or perhaps even confirmed, the perception of Kawhi Leonard, for better or worse. The narrative exists that he has bad representation and his Uncle is hurting his career. The narrative also exists that Kawhi’s family is far more important to him than playing basketball. There is also a narrative that exists that Kawhi does not care about any of this, does not care what his perception is and does not have any interest in explaining himself. All of these are relevant to the events, order of the events, the contributing relationships and to Kawhi himself.
But the biggest take away from the artifact is the authors persuading the readers that Leonard was most of all loyal to himself, rather than the Spurs. All of his actions said as much, with little to no effort by Leonard to extend an olive branch to the Spurs. This led the Spurs and their front office to operate in darkness, wondering how such a wonderful partnership deteriorated, just like quadriceps tendinopathy. Shelbourne and Wright noted how Spurs General Manager at the time, R.C Buford carried the burden of wondering where Leonard’s loyalty would lead him, citing “One source close to Buford said the longtime executive admitted to him that he’s constantly losing sleep over how and why the relationship with Leonard has disintegrated.”
THE CONTRIBUTION
On the surface, once could ask why such a story about a professional basketball player applies to rhetorical theory and the narrative criticism method. In a vacuum, perhaps it might not seem of significance. However, Leonard’s loyalty, regardless of who it was to, had an impact on the entirety of the league.
The Spurs would eventually trade Leonard to the Toronto Raptors in Summer 2018, but their title aspirations were no longer the same. They would enter into a rebuilding mode, which is something no one expected from a team who had been in the Western Conference finals only 12 months prior. The franchise would now have to shuffle and rebuild on the fly, hoping to stay in playoff contention.
Leonard spent one year with the Raptors and as fate would have it, won the NBA Championship in June 2019. A short weeks later, Leonard announced his intentions to sign with the Los Angeles Clippers. Los Angeles. Where he wanted to be all along. His home. Where he was loyal to. Unfortunately, his decision to be loyal to himself, his family and his hometown meant others had to be impacted for it.
As Kawhi Leonard demanded a trade, the Spurs found a trade partner in the Toronto Raptors, who sent DeMar DeRozan – a local fan favorite who had been with the Raptors for nine years, taking pay cuts to build the team along way – to the Spurs in exchange for Leonard. After the Raptors won a championship, Leonard would set his sights on the Los Angeles Clippers. In doing so, he would contact Paul George of the Oklahoma City Thunder.
The Thunder had traded for George to pair him with home grown superstar Russell Westbrook. When Leonard contacted George – a southern California native as well – and told him to demand a trade to the Clippers so the pair could team up, it meant that Westbrook now had lost a running mate. Westbrook would then be traded in a bit of a Thunder “short sale” trade to the Houston Rockets for Chris Paul. Paul, who had originally no ties to Leonard, was now caught in the wake of the Leonard drama. All because Leonard was loyal to home.
The artifact allows us to circle key events, or kernels, in Leonard’s life and his career with the Spurs that would determine his future. Leonard was loyal to his family, and who could fault him for that? Unfortunately, he left a wake of damage to the organization that helped develop him into the superstar that he was.
This essay contributes to rhetorical theory by identifying concepts and relationships that upon first glance, are appearing to establish intent. However, we cannot determine intent from a unified subject, unless it is explicitly declared, which in this case it was not. This essay is proof of that.
Instead of trying to determine intent, this narrative criticism seeks to answer your research question. My questions changed repeatedly throughout the process, but it always came back to loyalty. “Who was Kawhi Leonard loyal?” One cannot determine intent with this artifact. But by applying the practice of Narrative Criticism, one can find supporting evidences of who Leonard was loyal to. The kernels and satellites of this story across the plethora of relationships, appropriately time ordered, always comes back to loyalty.
Kawhi Leonard is loyal to himself. Kawhi Leonard is loyal to his family. And Kawhi Leonard is loyal to his hometown. And that loyalty is what got him home.
REFERENCES
Foss, S. K. (2009). Rhetorical criticism: exploration and practice (4th ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press.
Haberstroh, T., Thorpe, D., & Wright, M. (2018, July 5). Nerder she wrote: Kawhi drama with Michael C. Wright [Audio blog post]. Retrieved from https://backtobackpod.libsyn.com/nerder-she-wrote-kawhi-drama-with-michael-c-wright
Shelburne, R., & Wright, M. C. (2018, May 01). Inside the tension between Kawhi Leonard and the spurs. Retrieved from https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/23366667/inside-tension-kawhi-leonard-spurs










